Amid surging humanitarian needs for almost 100,000 refugees who have fled to Uganda so far this year, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and partners urgently require US$ 68 million for live-saving assistance and services.
Speaking at a press briefing at the United Nations in Geneva, Matthew Crentsil, UNHCR Representative in Uganda said that ”as refugees from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo continue to flee violence and seek safety in Uganda, the humanitarian response is being stretched to breaking point.”
At the start of 2022, Uganda was already hosting over 1.5 million refugees, making it one of the most important refugee host countries in the world and the largest on the African continent.
«UNHCR and its partners need urgent financial contributions to meet the urgent needs of new refugee arrivals in Uganda to upgrade the reception capacity and basic infrastructure of refugee settlements and prioritize their relocation of refugees to more suitable facilities”, said UNHCR’s Representative in Uganda.
Important gains in refugee self-reliance and economic inclusion are now at risk due to severe underfunding in the country.
«In an inter-agency appeal being revised from April this year, which covered an initial period of three months, UNHCR and 41 partners, including six UN agencies, 25 international and ten national non-governmental organizations, are seeking funds through the end of the year to support up to 150,000 refugees as arrivals continue”, said Matthew Crentsil.
The funding gap has already strained UNHCR’s capacity to provide critical support for basic humanitarian assistance, child protection services and livelihood opportunities.
”By the end of August, UNHCR had received just 38% of its 2022 funding requirement of 343.4 million to respond to the needs of refugees in Uganda, as determined at the start of the year », said UNHCR’s representative.
According to UNHCR, they cannot afford to purchase new stocks of medicines for health centres, while progress in reducing child and maternal mortality will regress and infant malnutrition will increase.
«Children, especially girls, face a higher risk of dropping out of school as UNHCR will be unable to pay teachers’ salaries, and already crowded classrooms would increase in size », said Matthew Crentsil. He added that « with no more funding to procure soap and hygiene kits for women and girls, their health and access to education will be negatively affected.”
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New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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