Crise au Liban : ‘Ce n’est que le début’ disent les communautés touchées par l’escalade meurtrière
L’escalade soudaine et massive entre Israël et le groupe armé Hezbollah au Liban a créé une peur généralisée que le pire soit encore à venir, ont déclaré vendredi les humanitaires de l’ONU.
“Nous assistons à la période la plus meurtrière au Liban depuis une génération et beaucoup expriment leur crainte que ce ne soit que le début,” a déclaré Imran Riza, le principal responsable de l’aide de l’ONU au Liban. “L’ONU et ses partenaires coordonnent étroitement avec le gouvernement libanais pour soutenir les efforts de réponse. Cela inclut l’alignement de la distribution de l’aide, la réalisation d’évaluations conjointes et l’identification des besoins urgents des populations touchées.”
Parlant depuis Beyrouth, M. Riza, le Coordinateur humanitaire de l’ONU au Liban, a déclaré que depuis près d’un an, les habitants du pays – et en particulier ceux du sud – vivaient “dans la peur” que la guerre à Gaza puisse les atteindre.
Aujourd’hui, à travers le Liban, des milliers de personnes dans des communautés rurales auparavant non affectées par le ciblage israélien de l’infrastructure du Hezbollah ont fui les bombardements et la destruction généralisée qui ont fait au moins 700 morts, blessé des milliers de personnes et déplacé environ 120 000 personnes “en quelques heures seulement”, a-t-il dit, ajoutant : “Nous rencontrons des gens qui disent, ‘Quel est le chemin pour Tripoli? Comment y arriver?’”
Les commentaires du coordinateur de l’aide de l’ONU interviennent dans un contexte d’échanges de tirs de plus en plus intenses à travers la ligne de séparation surveillée par l’ONU entre le Liban et Israël depuis le 7 octobre, date à laquelle la guerre a éclaté dans la bande de Gaza. Le ciblage extraordinaire des pagers et talkies-walkies du Hezbollah la semaine dernière a fait des centaines de morts et a signalé le début d’un bombardement israélien intense au Liban et des frappes de représailles par le Hezbollah.
Traverser vers une sécurité relative
Des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont fui le Liban pour la sécurité relative de la Syrie à divers points de passage ouverts 24 heures sur 24, a confirmé l’agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR). “Là où les gens traversent en Syrie, jusqu’à présent ils sont en sécurité,” a déclaré Gonzalo Vargas Llosa, Représentant du HCR en Syrie, à la frontière Syrie-Liban. “Nous lançons bien sûr un appel non seulement pour que les bombardements en général cessent mais aussi bien sûr pour éviter de bombarder les personnes qui tentent de fuir.”
M. Vargas Llosa a décrit “un grand nombre de personnes” retournant en Syrie, une référence à certains des quelque 1,5 million de Syriens du Liban qui ont fui la guerre civile de leur pays depuis 2011. “L’estimation est que ce chiffre est maintenant bien au-dessus de 30 000 avec environ 75-80 pour cent de ces Syriens et les 20 pour cent restants environ des Libanais,” a déclaré le responsable du HCR.
“Nous avons vu pas mal de blessés arriver; des personnes blessées non seulement à cause du voyage très ardu pour arriver ici, mais aussi blessées directement à cause des bombardements au Liban. Nous avons vu une femme traverser avec deux enfants morts du Liban qui devaient être enterrés ici en Syrie.”
De retour au Liban, les humanitaires de l’ONU continuent de fournir une coordination de l’aide pour assister le gouvernement libanais. Près de 500 abris ont été ouverts pour environ 80 000 personnes déplacées, y compris 300 écoles qui ont été réaffectées, impactant l’éducation de plus de 100 000 élèves.
Mais des “lacunes critiques de financement” persistent dans de nombreux domaines, y compris la réparation des abris, la gestion des sites, les stocks alimentaires, le carburant et la coordination, a déclaré M. Riza, avant d’avertir que le système de santé du Liban a été “complètement submergé” par l’escalade sérieuse des hostilités.
“Nous avons fait beaucoup de travail de préparation et heureusement nous avons réussi à obtenir des kits de traumatologie et autres et avons essayé de les distribuer également à travers le pays parce que maintenant le déplacement se produit non seulement dans le sud,” a-t-il expliqué. “Pendant les 11 premiers mois, c’était principalement le sud - c’était principalement la vallée de la Bekaa... Mais maintenant c’est à travers tout le pays.”
Histoire : Mise à jour de la crise au Liban – OCHA, HCR
Orateurs :
TRT : 03’29”
SOURCE : UNTV CH
LANGUE : ANGLAIS / SONS
FORMAT : 16:9
DATE : 27 septembre 2024 - GENÈVE, SUISSE
RESTRICTIONS : Aucune
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The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
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Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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