Edited News | OCHA
La crise humanitaire en Haïti s'aggrave alors que le pays attend une mission de soutien
Alors qu'Haïti fait face à une situation de « violence absolument brutale », le déploiement d'une mission de soutien à la sécurité multinationale est attendu avec espoir, a déclaré vendredi la principale responsable humanitaire de l'ONU dans le pays.
« Pour de nombreux Haïtiens, la vie quotidienne est une question de vie ou de mort », a déclaré Ulrika Richardson, la Coordinatrice résidente et humanitaire de l'ONU dans le pays. En parlant aux journalistes à Genève, elle a dressé un tableau sombre des conditions actuelles dans le petit État caribéen, qui n'a pas de président depuis que son dernier, Jovenel Moïse, a été assassiné en 2021.
« De nombreux Haïtiens prennent de grands risques en quittant simplement leur maison, en menant une vie normale, risquant d'être pris dans une ligne de feu, d'être kidnappés, lynchés ou violés », a déclaré Mme Richardson. Au cours des 11 premiers mois de 2023, le Bureau intégré des Nations Unies en Haïti (BINUH) a enregistré 8 000 meurtres, lynchages, enlèvements et viols, souvent des viols collectifs ciblant également de jeunes filles.
On estime que 300 gangs opèrent en Haïti, les plus grands groupes contrôlant jusqu'à 80 % de la capitale. La violence des gangs tentaculaires se propage au-delà de Port-au-Prince vers des zones auparavant paisibles dans les régions centrales et nord-ouest d'Haïti, en particulier dans le département de l'Artibonite, qui était autrefois le grenier d'Haïti. Le pays produisait autrefois toute sa nourriture et en exportait même une partie. Il lutte maintenant contre une insécurité alimentaire croissante au milieu d'une inflation galopante.
Deux Haïtiens sur cinq sont confrontés à une insécurité alimentaire aiguë
Dans ce pays de 12 millions d'habitants, « 5,2 millions ont besoin d'une aide humanitaire. 4,35 millions d'Haïtiens sont confrontés à une insécurité alimentaire aiguë, et c'est un chiffre stupéfiant », a souligné Mme Richardson. « Ce sont deux Haïtiens sur cinq qui sont confrontés à une insécurité alimentaire aiguë. »
Les meurtres, les pillages, les enlèvements et la violence sexuelle généralisée ont également alimenté les déplacements massifs. « Nous avons 200 000 [personnes déplacées] dans le pays, dont 143 000 dans la capitale seule, ce qui est, bien sûr, un très grand nombre », a souligné Mme Richardson.
Les besoins ont augmenté mais le financement de l'aide reste rare. Mme Richardson a déclaré que le plan de réponse humanitaire pour Haïti en 2023 n'est financé qu'à 33 % alors que l'année touche à sa fin.
Les espoirs se concentrent maintenant sur le déploiement d'une mission de soutien à la sécurité multinationale en Haïti conformément à la résolution 2699 adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU en octobre dernier. Le Kenya a accepté de diriger cette force armée multinationale et a promis 1 000 policiers. Son déploiement, potentiellement dès le premier trimestre de 2024, attend un feu vert de la haute cour kenyane.
« Nous devons vraiment aborder cela avec un plan global pour aider Haïti, accompagner Haïti vers le retour des institutions de l'État, le contrôle de l'État dans de nombreuses zones où l'État n'est pas présent. Rétablir les services de base, y compris l'eau et l'assainissement, la santé et l'éducation, mais aussi en regardant le système judiciaire et le système pénitentiaire », a déclaré Mme Richardson.
Les prisons en Haïti sont jusqu'à trois fois surpeuplées, la plupart des détenus étant en attente de jugement.
La mission de soutien pour renforcer la Police nationale haïtienne vise à rétablir la sécurité dans le pays afin de créer les conditions nécessaires à la tenue d'élections libres et équitables.
« Nous estimons qu'il faudra entre 12 et 18 mois pour organiser une élection. Évidemment, nous devons stabiliser la situation de violence », a conclu Mme Richardson.
Fin
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Edited News , Press Conferences | WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
ends
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