Edited News | WHO
La flambée de dengue alimente les préoccupations de menace pour la santé publique avec plus de cinq millions de cas signalés dans plus de 80 pays en 2023 : OMS
La surprenante augmentation des infections à la dengue dans le monde en 2023 représente une menace potentiellement élevée pour la santé publique, a déclaré vendredi l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) des Nations Unies.
L'avertissement est venu alors que l'OMS a signalé plus de cinq millions d'infections à la dengue et 5 000 décès dus à la maladie dans le monde cette année.
Lors d'un point de presse vendredi à l'ONU à Genève, le Dr Diana Rojas Alvarez, chef d'équipe de l'OMS sur les arbovirus, a déclaré que la menace nécessitait « l'attention et la réponse maximales de tous les niveaux » de l'agence de santé de l'ONU pour soutenir les pays dans le contrôle des épidémies actuelles de dengue et se préparer à la prochaine saison de la dengue.
La dengue est l'infection virale la plus courante transmise aux humains par des moustiques infectés. Elle se trouve principalement dans les zones urbaines des climats tropicaux et subtropicaux.
L'augmentation du nombre de cas signalés de dengue dans plus de pays s'explique par le fait que les moustiques infectés prospèrent désormais dans plus de pays en raison du réchauffement climatique associé à l'augmentation des émissions.
« Le changement climatique a un impact sur la transmission de la dengue car il augmente les précipitations, l'humidité et la température », a déclaré le Dr Alvarez. « Ces moustiques sont très sensibles à la température. »
Bien que quatre milliards de personnes soient à risque de dengue, la plupart des personnes infectées sont asymptomatiques et se rétablissent généralement en une à deux semaines.
Cependant, les infections sévères de dengue se caractérisent par un choc, des saignements sévères ou une atteinte grave des organes, selon l'OMS.
Elle a également souligné que ces symptômes dangereux commencent souvent « après la disparition de la fièvre », prenant au dépourvu les soignants et les professionnels de la santé. Les signes d'alerte à surveiller incluent des douleurs abdominales intenses, des vomissements persistants, des saignements des gencives, une accumulation de liquide, une léthargie, une agitation et une hypertrophie du foie.
Comme il n'existe pas de traitement spécifique pour la dengue, la détection précoce et l'accès à des soins médicaux appropriés sont cruciaux pour réduire la probabilité de décès dus à la dengue sévère.
« Depuis le début de cette année, plus de cinq millions de cas et environ 5 000 décès de dengue ont été signalés dans le monde et près de 80 % de ces cas ont été signalés dans les Amériques, suivis par l'Asie du Sud-Est et le Pacifique occidental », a rapporté le Dr Alvarez. Elle a ajouté qu'« il est également préoccupant que des épidémies de dengue se produisent dans des pays fragiles et touchés par des conflits dans la région de la Méditerranée orientale tels que l'Afghanistan, le Pakistan, le Soudan, la Somalie et le Yémen. »
La prévalence mondiale des moustiques a changé ces dernières années en raison du phénomène El Niño de 2023 qui a accentué les effets des températures de réchauffement climatique et du changement climatique, a déclaré l'OMS.
Les deux facteurs sont associés à des pays auparavant exempts de dengue tels que la France, l'Italie et l'Espagne signalant des cas d'infections originaires de chez eux – ce que l'on appelle la transmission autochtone – plutôt qu'à l'étranger. Le vecteur de la maladie est le moustique Aedes aegypti, qui est largement distribué en Europe et également plus communément connu sous le nom de « moustique tigre ».
« Habituellement, l'Europe signale des cas importés des Amériques, du Pacifique occidental, des régions endémiques », a déclaré le Dr Alvarez. « Mais cette année, nous avons vu des clusters limités de transmission autochtone. Comme nous le savons, les étés deviennent plus chauds. »
-fin-
HISTOIRE : Situation mondiale de la dengue - OMS
DURÉE : 2:48”
SOURCE : UNTV CH
LANGUE : ANGLAIS
FORMAT D'IMAGE : 16:9
LIEU : 22 décembre 2023 - GENÈVE, SUISSE
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The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
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Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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