Edited News | UNOG , OHCHR
En la rueda de prensa quincenal de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra, la portavoz de Derechos Humanos de la ONU, Ravina Shamdasani, hizo los siguientes comentarios sobre la ejecución inminente por asfixia con nitrógeno en Alabama.
"Estamos alarmados por la ejecución inminente en los Estados Unidos de Kenneth Eugene Smith, a través del uso de un método novedoso y no probado: la asfixia por gas de nitrógeno. Esto podría constituir tortura u otro trato o castigo cruel, inhumano o degradante según el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos", dijo Shamdasani.
La Oficina de Derechos Humanos de la ONU insta a las autoridades estatales de Alabama a detener la ejecución de Smith, programada para el 25-26 de enero en Alabama, y a abstenerse de tomar más medidas hacia cualquier otra ejecución de esta manera. Alabama ya intentó ejecutar a Smith sin éxito por inyección letal en 2022, y él tiene procedimientos en curso en la corte federal contra su próxima ejecución, procedimientos que no han sido resueltos definitivamente.
"El gas de nitrógeno nunca se ha utilizado en los Estados Unidos para ejecutar seres humanos. La Asociación Médica Veterinaria Americana recomienda administrar incluso a animales grandes un sedante al ser sacrificados de esta manera, mientras que el protocolo de Alabama para la ejecución por asfixia con nitrógeno no prevé la sedación de seres humanos antes de la ejecución. El protocolo también se refiere al gas inodoro e incoloro que se administra durante un máximo de 15 minutos. Smith también ha argumentado, con pruebas de expertos, que tal ejecución por asfixia con gas en su caso conlleva un riesgo particular de dolor y sufrimiento", dijo.
"Tenemos serias preocupaciones de que la ejecución de Smith en estas circunstancias pueda violar la prohibición de la tortura u otro trato o castigo cruel, inhumano o degradante, así como su derecho a recursos efectivos. Estos son derechos establecidos en dos tratados internacionales de derechos humanos a los que Estados Unidos está obligado: el Pacto de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y la Convención contra la Tortura y Otros Tratos o Penas Crueles, Inhumanos o Degradantes", dijo la portavoz.
El Comité de Derechos Humanos, que es el organismo internacional encargado de supervisar la aplicación del Pacto en todo el mundo, también ha criticado el uso de la asfixia por gas como método de ejecución, el uso de métodos no probados, así como la ampliación del uso de la pena de muerte en los Estados que continúan aplicándola.
"La pena de muerte es incompatible con el derecho fundamental a la vida. No hay pruebas de que disuada del crimen, y crea un riesgo inaceptable de ejecutar a personas inocentes. En lugar de inventar nuevas formas de aplicar la pena capital, instamos a todos los Estados a establecer un moratorio sobre su uso, como un paso hacia la abolición universal", dijo Shamdasani.
“La posición de la ONU es muy clara: estamos en contra de la pena de muerte, estamos en contra de que se mate a personas por haber cometido delitos. No hay pruebas de que esto disuada de los crímenes de ninguna manera. Por otro lado, hay mucha evidencia de que la pena de muerte se ha utilizado en casos de errores judiciales, se utiliza contra personas que luego resultan ser inocentes, se utiliza de manera desproporcionada contra minorías, en los Estados Unidos contra personas de ascendencia africana, se utiliza de manera desproporcionada contra personas que no tienen los medios para defenderse con una representación legal adecuada de su elección", dijo la portavoz.
Para obtener más información y solicitudes de medios, comuníquese con:
Ravina Shamdasani - + 41 22 917 9169 / ravina.shamdasani@un.org o
Liz Throssell + 41 22 917 9296 / elizabeth.throssell@un.org o
Marta Hurtado - + 41 22 917 9466 / marta.hurtadogomez@un.org
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HISTORIA: Portavoz de Derechos Humanos de la ONU Ravina Shamdasani sobre ejecución inminente por asfixia con nitrógeno en Alabama
DURACIÓN: 02:59
FUENTE: OHCHR
RESTRICCIONES: NINGUNA
IDIOMA: Inglés/Francés / NATS
RELACIÓN DE ASPECTO: 16:9
LUGAR: 16 de enero de 2023 GINEBRA, SUIZA
LISTA DE TOMAS
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The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
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“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
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Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
ends
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