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Temperatures off the charts, but more records are to come: WMO
Global sea surface temperatures reached a record high in May, June and July – and the warming El Niño weather pattern is only just getting started - experts at the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Monday.
Alarm bells have been at the UN agency in particular because of an “unprecedented peak” in sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.
“The first week of July…could be considered as the warmest period or the warmest week ever recorded,” – with a global average temperature close to 17.24 degrees Celsius on 4 and 7 July, said Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO.
The WMO expert added that daily June temperatures in the North Atlantic had been “dramatically high” compared to usual readings, while Antarctic sea ice levels reached their lowest extent for June since satellite observations began.
At a shocking 17 per cent below average, this year’s readings broke the June 2022 record by a substantial margin and represented “a really dramatic drop in the sea ice extent in the Antarctica” – some 2.6 million square kilometers of lost sea ice.
Michael Sparrow, Chief of WMO’s World Climate Research Programme, highlighted that “it really is completely unprecedented where this kind of reduction in sea ice that we have seen around the Antarctic. The Antarctic region is normally thought of being relatively stable, it is much colder than the Arctic. We’re used to seeing, these big reductions in the sea ice in the Arctic but not in the Antarctic.”
Beyond Antartica, the UN agency warned that the “marine heatwave” would also impact fisheries distribution and ocean ecosytems, with knock-on effects on the climate. It is not only the surface temperature of the water, but the whole ocean is becoming warmer and absorbing energy that will remain there for hundreds of years, explained WMO.
“When you have a tropical cyclone, everything is affected in the shores, including fisheries, but also including inland”, said Mr. Baddour. “With heavy precipitation that could lead to casualties, displacement of populations, and so on. So, if we say that it is a dramatic change, that also means dramatic likelihood of extreme weather and climate events.”
Just last week, WMO announced the onset of El Niño, characterized by a warming of the Pacific Ocean. Combined with man-made greenhouse gas effect, the weather pattern is expected to make one of the next five years the warmest on record.
The WMO officials told journalists in Geneva that “we are in uncharted territory and we can expect more records to fall as El Niño develops further”, with impacts extending into 2024.
“During El Niño year you get higher temperatures in the atmosphere as well, because heat is moving from the oceans to the atmosphere,” said Mr. Sparrow. “We are actually at the beginning of that process, so El Niño hasn’t had as much of an effect as it is going to later in the year. So, we’re seeing these high temperatures in the North Atlantic…despite the fact that El Niño hasn’t really got going yet. So, we can expect much higher temperatures from the El Niño in the latter half of the year, so around October and November time.”
According to the WMO’s Mr. Baddour, the warmest year is expected to be after this year, when El Niño 2023-2024 is expected to pick up and the weather reach a record year in 2024 if the strength of El Niño continues to develop in line with forecasts.
-ends-
- Exterior medium shot: UN Palais with flags
- Wide shot: press conference room
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO: “The first week of July, starting from the 4th to the 7th, could be considered as the warmest period or the warmest week ever recorded.”
- Medium shot: photographer taking pictures at the press conference
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO: “Daily June temperature in the North Atlantic, as you can see, is dramatically high compared to the past behavior of that area. So we record an unprecedented peak of temperature in that part of the world.”
- Wide shot: speakers and monitor behind pannel, screen with presentation, monitor in the foreground
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO: “2.6 million square kilometers of loss of sea ice compared to the ?? and almost approaching 1.2 million square kilometers below the previous record which was set in 2022. This is a really dramatic drop in the sea ice extent in the Antarctica.”
- Medium shot: attendees taking notes
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Michael Sparrow, Chief of World Climate Research Programme: “It really is completely unprecedented where this kind of reduction in sea ice that we have seen around the Antarctic. The Antarctic region is normally thought of being relatively stable, it is much colder than the Arctic. We’re used to seeing, you know, these big reductions in the sea ice in the Arctic but not in the Antarctic.”
- Medium shot: attendee and moderator
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO: “When you have a tropical cyclone, everything is affected in the shores, including fisheries, but also including inland. With heavy precipitation that could lead to casualties, displacement of populations, and so and so. So, if we say that it is a dramatic change, that also means dramatic likelihood of extreme weather and climate event.”
- Close shot: attendee in the foreground and photographer in the background
- SOUNDBITE (English) – Michael Sparrow, Chief of World Climate Research Programme: “During El Niño year you get higher temperatures in the atmosphere as well, because heat is moving from the oceans to the atmosphere. But as you correctly pointed out, we are actually at the beginning of that process, so El Niño hasn’t had as much of an effect as it is going to later in the year. So we’re seeing these high temperatures in the North Atlantic, etc., despite the fact that El Niño hasn’t really got going yet. You know, we can expect much higher temperatures from the El Niño in the latter half of the year, so around October and November time.”
- Medium shot: speakers and monitor behind podium
- Medium shot: attendees taking notes
- Close shot: cameraman
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As world’s water reserves change, countries must prepare for a new reality: WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
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Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
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Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
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Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
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Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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