The United Nations Office at Geneva
Multimedia Newsroom
Since the start of the Middle East conflict with Israeli and US strikes on Iran on 28 February, concerns have been growing over rising oil and commodity prices. At the centre of it lies the Strait of Hormuz – one of the world’s most critical maritime chokepoints – which carries around a quarter of global seaborne oil, along with significant volumes of liquefied natural gas and fertilisers, according to a recent UN report. To better understand the implications of this disruption, and the findings of the report published on 10 March, UN News spoke to Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
Worldwide consequences
Ms. Youssef explained that the traffic in the Strait where the Persian Gulf narrows has fallen from around 130 ships a day before the crisis to single digits in early March, a decline of more than 95 per cent. Today, the Strait is not formally closed, but severely constrained, amid multiple Iranian attacks on shipping since war erupted that have spooked global energy markets and driven up prices.
Spillovers beyond Hormuz
“The disruption is no longer confined to the Strait of Hormuz; it is spreading across regional shipping routes and affecting critical supply lines” Ms. Youssef explained. The knock-on effects of this disruption are being felt across the Red Sea and beyond, with vessels rerouted, journeys extended and costs rising. This is adding pressure to global trade and humanitarian agencies who face slower, more expensive and less predictable aid shipments.
Impact on economies and citizens
While the immediate fallout of the Hormuz Strait crisis has meant higher energy costs, more expensive transport, rising food prices and delays in supply chains, the drop in regional fertiliser exports threatens to have extremely serious consequences, too. UNCTAD underlines rising production costs for fertilisers and particularly nitrogen-based ones, which depend heavily on gas originating from Gulf States. This is already putting pressure on agricultural production and productivity, with likely consequences for global food prices. “Timing is critical,” says UNCTAD’s Ms. Youssef.
Least-able to cope
“It is now the spring planting season, when countries and farmers typically purchase fertilizers for the next harvest. If they are unable to secure enough supply — or if prices are too high — crop yields could decline.” The world’s least developed economies have “the least capacity to absorb shocks (and) are the ones that will feel the effects most strongly”, she continues. For them, higher costs for fuel, food, fertilisers and transport could quickly translate into pressure on public finances and household budgets. This can reduce food production and increase food insecurity, particularly where import dependence is high.
How the UN can help
Despite all these challenges,“there is a shared global interest in keeping trade routes open, because disruptions of this scale affect all economies”, Ms. Youssef insists. UNCTAD is monitoring developments closely and providing data and analysis to support governments, she explains. The UN agency also helps to bring together national governments and partners to share information and coordinate their actions, while stressing the importance of keeping maritime transport secure and predictable, in line with international law.
STORY: Strait of Hormuz crisis - UNCTAD
TRT: 2’15”
SOURCE: UNTV CH
RESTRICTIONS: NONE
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH/NATS
ASPECT RATIO: 16:9
DATELINE: 23 MARCH 2026 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
1. Exterior wide shot: Palais des Nations, Flag Alley.
2. Graphic explaining the importance of the Strait of Hormuz for world trade. Credit UNCTAD
3. Graphic showing the drop of passage in the Hormuz Strait. Credit UNCTAD
4. SOUNDBITE (English) – Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD): “Just before the crisis, when we look at the average daily number of vessels that were going through the Hormuz, it was around 129, (1)30 a day and, over the past two weeks, it was about two to seven vessels per day.”
5. Graphic showing the freight costs for shipping oil soaring to historic highs. Credit UNCTAD
6. SOUNDBITE (English) – Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD): “There are four channels through which this disruption is being transmitted: first is the energy, given the importance, like I said, of the Strait in terms of energy supply, this is translating into an increase in fuel cost.”
7. Graphic showing the gas prices going up and with them the price of fertilizer. Credit UNCTAD
8. SOUNDBITE (English) – Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD): “Export of fertilizer is being impacted from the region as well as the price and the price of producing, for example, nitrogen fertilizers that rely also heavily on gas. So, this is again translating into an impact on agricultural production as well as agricultural productivity, which would be translated later on into food price.”
9. Graphic showing surging war risk insurance premiums. Credit UNCTAD
10. SOUNDBITE (English) – Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD): “We've seen fuel price of shipping doubling, you know, the bunker fuel price, the marine fuel that is used by ships and vessels is increasing. This is having also impact on the transport cost, not only the price of fuel but also the price, for example, of insurance. War insurance premiums have increased, in some cases also it quadrupled.”
11. Graphics show how the cost of marine fuel has increased. Credit UNCTAD
12. SOUNDBITE (English) – Frida Youssef, Chief of Transport Section at UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD): “It's affecting transport, its affecting energy, it's affecting food and also cost and availability of all these. So, these all together would have an impact on the public finances of countries, as well as cost of living and household.”
13. Graphic showing the oil prices increasing alongside the price of food. Credit UNCTAD
For more please see the report: Strait of Hormuz disruptions: Implications for global trade and development | UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Similar Stories
1
1
1
Edited News | UNHCR
More than 280,000 people have now been displaced by fighting in Yemen and many vulnerable people are unable to access lifesaving relief because it is too dangerous to do so, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) said on Friday.
1
1
1
Edited News | UN
Tour guides at UN Geneva turned heads at the Palace of Nations on Thursday as they unveiled stylish new uniforms, designed in partnership with leading Italian sustainable fashion designers and manufacturers.
1
1
1
Edited News | OCHA , UNICEF , WFP
Aid agencies warned on Friday of the fast-developing humanitarian emergency inside Taiz City in Yemen, which has been encircled by de facto Houthi forces fighting government troops along the country’s west coast.
2
17
1
2
Edited News , Press Conferences , Images | OCHA , WMO
Two UN agencies teamed up on Wednesday to issue an appeal for immediate assistance to help communities already being impacted by the strongest El Niño on record.
3
16
2
2
Edited News , B-roll , Conferences , Images | UNITED NATIONS , UNOG
Sixth Consultative Meeting on Enhancing Coordination of Peace Initiatives and Efforts for Sudan
1
1
1
Edited News | UNICEF , WHO , UNHCR
Yemen war continues to force families from homes amid hunger and disease
More than 250,000 people have now fled renewed fighting in Yemen, the UN said on Tuesday, citing particular concern for those sheltering in the southwestern city of Taiz and the wider governorate, where access is “essentially blocked”.
1
1
1
Edited News | UNICEF
A little over one year since a ceasefire agreement was announced between Hamas fighters and Israel, more than 340 children have been reported killed and hundreds more injured, the UN Children’s Fund, UNICEF, said on Friday.
1
1
1
Edited News | UNICEF , IFRC
Six weeks after Nepal’s deadly flooding disaster, communities are still struggling to rebuild their lives, but they will need sustained help as global warming increases the risk of another Himalayan catastrophe, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) said on Friday.
1
1
1
Edited News | WHO
In suspected Russia plague death, testing and monitoring underway – WHO
The death of a lab worker in Russia’s Siberia region has sparked concerns about plague being the cause, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday, adding that it was following the situation closely.
1
1
Edited News | OHCHR , UNOG
UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk on Friday provided and oral update to the 63rd session of the Human rights Council on Ukraine.
1
1
1
Edited News | OHCHR , UNOG
UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk on Friday provided and oral update to the 63rd session of the Human rights Council on the human rights situation in Haiti.
1
1
1
Edited News | WHO
Repeated delays in bringing lifesaving medicines, prosthetics and more from Israel into Gaza risk having devastating consequences on Palestinians who urgently need them in the wartorn enclave, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday. “A truck full of non-priority supplies or the right supplies arriving too late, doesn't save lives. That's the question that actually matters," said Dr Reinhilde Van De Weerdt, WHO Representative in the OPT.