HISTOIRE
Trois patients sur quatre ont été traités avec des antibiotiques pendant la pandémie “au cas où” ils aideraient : OMS
L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a déclaré vendredi qu'il y avait eu une mauvaise utilisation généralisée des antibiotiques pendant la pandémie mondiale de COVID-19, ce qui a potentiellement alimenté la propagation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM).
Alors que seulement huit pour cent des patients hospitalisés avec COVID-19 avaient des co-infections bactériennes nécessitant des antibiotiques, trois patients sur quatre en ont reçu, “au cas où” ils aideraient.
“Le conseil était très clair dès le début. C'était un virus. Il n'y avait donc pas de directive ou de recommandation pour que les cliniciens aillent dans cette direction,” a déclaré le Dr Margaret Harris, porte-parole de l'OMS, lors d'un point de presse à l'ONU Genève. “Mais peut-être parce que les gens faisaient face à quelque chose de complètement nouveau, ils cherchaient tout ce qu'ils pensaient pouvoir être approprié.”
L'utilisation des antibiotiques variait de 33 pour cent pour les patients de la région du Pacifique occidental à 83 pour cent dans les régions de la Méditerranée orientale et de l'Afrique. Entre 2020 et 2022, les prescriptions ont diminué au fil du temps en Europe et dans les Amériques, tandis qu'elles ont augmenté en Afrique.
Le taux le plus élevé d'utilisation des antibiotiques a été observé chez les patients atteints de COVID-19 sévère ou critique, avec une moyenne mondiale de 81 pour cent. Dans les cas légers ou modérés, il y avait une variation considérable entre les régions, avec la plus forte utilisation dans la région africaine, à 79 pour cent.
“La seule fois où vous utiliseriez des antibiotiques lorsque vous avez une infection virale, c'est si vous aviez une infection bactérienne secondaire prouvée qui était sensible à ces antibiotiques,” a déclaré le Dr Harris. “En d'autres termes, ils n'étaient pas utilisés de manière appropriée. […] Le principal préjudice, bien sûr, est que si vous utilisez des antibiotiques inutilement, vous augmentez la probabilité de résistance aux antimicrobiens à ces antibiotiques particuliers, de sorte que lorsque vous en avez besoin pour votre infection bactérienne, ils ne sont plus aussi utiles.”
L'OMS a déclaré qu'il était préoccupant que son étude ait révélé que les antibiotiques utilisés avaient un potentiel de résistance aux antimicrobiens plus élevé que d'autres disponibles.
“Si vous donnez à quelqu'un un médicament dont il n'a pas réellement besoin, vous l'exposez toujours à un risque inutile,” a expliqué le Dr Harris. “Chaque fois que vous traitez une personne pour une maladie avec un médicament, un médecin équilibrera si ce médicament fera le travail et préviendra la maladie et si cela est un résultat plus important que tous les risques potentiels.”
Ces conclusions sont basées sur les données de la Plateforme clinique mondiale de l'OMS pour COVID-19, des données cliniques anonymisées de patients hospitalisés avec COVID-19.
Les données ont été collectées auprès d'environ 450 000 patients admis dans des hôpitaux pour COVID-19 dans 65 pays sur une période de trois ans entre janvier 2020 et mars 2023.
Les conclusions sont présentées au Congrès mondial de la Société européenne de microbiologie clinique et des maladies infectieuses, qui se tient à Barcelone, en Espagne, du 27 au 30 avril.
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HISTOIRE : Surutilisation d'antibiotiques pendant COVID-19 - OMS
TRT : 1:48”
SOURCE : UNTV CH
RESTRICTIONS : AUCUNE
LANGUE : ANGLAIS / NATS
FORMAT D'IMAGE : 16:9
LIEU : 26 avril 2024 GENÈVE, SUISSE
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Edited News , Press Conferences | WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
ends
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