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Conférence de presse de la CNUCED : Examen du transport maritime - 24 septembre 2025
Publication de l'examen du transport maritime 2025
Orateurs :
- Regina Asariotis, Chef, Branche de la logistique commerciale (CNUCED)
- Hassiba Benamara, économiste, Branche de la logistique commerciale (CNUCED)
DESCRIPTION
HISTOIRE : CNUCED / TRANSPORT MARITIME MONDIAL 2025
TRT :
SOURCE : CNUCED / UNTV CH
LANGUE : ANGLAIS / NATS
DATELINE : 24 SEPTEMBRE 2025, GENÈVE, SUISSE
WEBSITE : http://unctad.org/rmt2025
LISTE DES PLANS
1. Plan large, Palais des Nations
2. Divers plans, salle de briefing
3. EXTRAIT SONORE (Anglais) Regina Asariotis, Chef, Branche de la Logistique Commerciale (CNUCED) :
"Nous savons que l'environnement mondial est devenu plus complexe. Nous savons que les tensions géopolitiques affectent la mer Rouge et ont forcé des détournements coûteux autour du Cap de Bonne-Espérance. Les risques demeurent, par exemple, dans le détroit d'Ormuz, une artère vitale pour le commerce mondial du pétrole. De nouveaux tarifs perturbent les flux commerciaux établis, les taux de fret sont de plus en plus élevés et volatils, et les retards et perturbations deviennent la norme. Et ces défis augmentent les coûts. Les petits États insulaires en développement, les pays les moins avancés et les nations importatrices nettes de produits alimentaires sont les plus vulnérables, car des coûts de fret plus élevés se traduisent rapidement par des importations plus coûteuses et une insécurité alimentaire."
4. Plan large, salle de briefing
5. EXTRAIT SONORE (Anglais) Regina Asariotis, Chef, Branche de la Logistique Commerciale (CNUCED) :
"Le commerce maritime a augmenté de 2,2 % en 2024. En même temps, les détournements ont entraîné des routes maritimes plus longues, avec une augmentation des tonnes-milles d'environ 6 %. Cela a conduit à des coûts de transport plus élevés, des retards et des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, ainsi qu'à une réorganisation des réseaux maritimes affectant les ports, y compris en Afrique. Pour 2025, la grande image est une incertitude et une volatilité accrues, avec une croissance prévue de ralentir à seulement un demi pour cent."
6. Plan large, salle de briefing
7. EXTRAIT SONORE (Anglais) Regina Asariotis, Chef, Branche de la Logistique Commerciale (CNUCED) :
"Les solutions numériques comme les guichets uniques maritimes et les systèmes communautaires portuaires s'avèrent essentielles pour l'efficacité portuaire et pour un commerce plus fluide. Mais une plus grande dépendance aux systèmes et solutions numériques dans l'industrie a également accru les risques et vulnérabilités cybernétiques, qui doivent être abordés. L'inclusivité de genre dans les ports s'améliore, avec près de 40 % des postes de direction occupés par des femmes, mais les femmes restent sous-représentées dans les emplois opérationnels, où l'automatisation peut créer de nouvelles opportunités. Le développement et la formation de la main-d'œuvre maritime seront vitaux pour la résilience. Construire une mise en œuvre et une application plus cohérentes des règles pour protéger les droits des marins par les États du pavillon, les ports et l'industrie sera essentiel pour inverser la tendance à la pénurie croissante de marins."
8. Plan large, salle de briefing
9. EXTRAIT SONORE (Anglais) Regina Asariotis, Chef, Branche de la Logistique Commerciale (CNUCED) :
"Un développement majeur est le cadre zéro net de l'OMI, qui sera envisagé pour adoption formelle en octobre prochain. Il introduirait une norme mondiale de carburant, un mécanisme de tarification du carbone et un fonds zéro net pour soutenir la recherche, la technologie, les infrastructures et les initiatives de transition juste, en particulier dans les petits États insulaires en développement et les pays les moins avancés. Et si adopté, les revenus de ce fonds pourraient aider les pays en développement à décarboniser."
10. Plan large, salle de briefing
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As world’s water reserves change, countries must prepare for a new reality: WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
- 2025 was one of driest years for river discharge in 35 years
- Past seven years have seen abnorfmal river flows
- Water storage on Earth’s land surface has decreased in past decade
- Widespread glacier loss across all regions for fourth consecutive year
- Asia and Africa are regions most affected by water-related disasters
- Water data availability has improved, but gaps remain in hard-hit areas
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
ends