Syrie : les besoins continuent de croître dans une situation très incertaine, disent les équipes d'aide
Le changement de pouvoir historique en Syrie et la situation encore volatile deux jours après la chute du régime de Bachar al-Assad ont accru les besoins humanitaires dans un pays où près de 17 millions de personnes, y compris des millions de déplacés internes, dépendaient déjà de l'aide humanitaire avant les récents événements, ont déclaré mardi les équipes d'aide de l'ONU.
Depuis le 28 novembre, « plus d'un million de personnes – principalement des femmes et des enfants – ont été déplacées à travers Idlib, Alep, Hama et Homs. Certains seraient revenus chez eux ces derniers jours », a déclaré Jens Laerke, porte-parole du Bureau de la coordination des affaires humanitaires de l'ONU (OCHA) aux journalistes à Genève mardi.
Le porte-parole de l'OCHA a également noté que les opérations humanitaires dans les zones touchées, y compris Homs, Hama et Damas, ont repris. « Depuis hier, toutes les organisations humanitaires à Idlib et dans le nord d'Alep ont repris leurs opérations », a déclaré M. Laerke, ajoutant que les trois points de passage frontaliers depuis la Turquie utilisés par l'ONU pour livrer l'aide en Syrie sont restés ouverts.
Les agences de l'ONU et leurs partenaires fournissent une assistance de base dans le nord-ouest, y compris aux personnes nouvellement déplacées ; des services alimentaires, de santé et de nutrition ont été fournis, ainsi qu'un soutien pour l'accès à l'eau potable à Alep. Mais les installations de santé seraient débordées, avec des hôpitaux majeurs fonctionnant à capacité limitée en raison de pénuries de personnel, de médicaments et de fournitures. Les partenaires humanitaires continuent de fournir des soins de traumatologie, de maintenir des banques de sang et d'administrer des vaccinations.
« L'argent est, comme toujours, un problème. Notre appel de 4 milliards de dollars pour cette année est actuellement financé à moins d'un tiers », a souligné M. Laerke.
Selon l'agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR), sept millions de Syriens ont été déplacés à l'intérieur du pays, et plus de cinq millions ont fui vers les pays voisins et au-delà, déracinés par près de 14 ans de guerre. Cela représente la moitié de la population du pays avant-guerre de 23 millions.
Pour ceux qui sont forcés de fuir, « ils considèrent à quel point la Syrie est sûre pour y retourner, et dans quelle mesure leurs droits seront respectés avant de pouvoir prendre une décision éclairée et volontaire de rentrer chez eux. Ils doivent avoir l'espace pour le faire sans aucune pression », a insisté Shabia Mantoo de l'agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés. Elle a réitéré que tous les réfugiés ont le droit fondamental de retourner dans leur pays d'origine à un moment de leur choix, et les retours doivent être volontaires, dignes et sûrs.
Interrogée sur les décisions des pays hôtes en Europe de suspendre les décisions sur les demandes d'asile syriennes après la chute de Bachar al-Assad, Mme Mantoo a réitéré que « tout Syrien ou toute personne demandant une protection internationale doit pouvoir accéder aux procédures d'asile et voir sa demande examinée pleinement et individuellement sur ses mérites ».
Le 27 novembre, une coalition de forces d'opposition, dirigée par le groupe armé Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a lancé une offensive depuis son bastion d'Idlib, s'emparant de dizaines de localités et des villes stratégiques d'Alep, Hama et Homs, avant d'atteindre la capitale, Damas.
Le conflit syrien a éclaté après la répression d'un soulèvement populaire qui a dégénéré en guerre civile en 2011.
Fin
Histoire : “Mise à jour humanitaire sur la Syrie – OCHA, UNHCR” – 10 décembre 2024
Les orateurs sont :
TRT : 02’22”
SOURCE : UNTV CH
LANGUE : ANGLAIS / NATS
RAPPORT D'ASPECT : 16:9
DATELINE : 10 décembre 2024 - GENÈVE, SUISSE
Conférence de presse à Genève
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The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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