UN GENEVA PRESS BRIEFING

12 August 2025

IIMM Reports Progress in Investigating Serious International Crimes Committed in Myanmar

Nicholas Koumjian, Head of the United Nations Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), said today, the IIMM was launching its seventh Annual Report, in which it highlighted progress and preliminary findings. Its work involved collecting evidence of the most serious international crimes and sharing it with national and international courts willing and able to prosecute those cases.

Over the past few years, the IIMM had collected evidence from more than 1,300 sources, including more than 600 eyewitness accounts, along with photographs, videos, documents, maps, geospatial imagery, social media posts and forensic evidence. It had seen an increase in the crimes occurring, including in crimes against those in detention.

Documented torture included beatings, electric shocks, strangulations, pulling out fingernails with pliers, gang rape, burning of sexual body parts and other forms of sexual violence. Evidence from eyewitnesses indicated that children between two to 17 years old had been detained, often as proxies for their parents, who the regime could not get a hold of. Some of the detained children had been subjected to torture or ill-treatment.

The IIMM had also collected evidence identifying perpetrators who had summarily executed captured combatants or civilians accused of being informers. These killings had been perpetrated both by the Myanmar security forces and affiliated militias and by opposition armed groups. Several of these incidents were recorded and disseminated on social media by perpetrators. This was the kind of evidence that the IIMM preserved and used to hold perpetrators to account in judicial processes.

One area the Mechanism was particularly concerned by was aerial attacks, which were only committed by the Myanmar military. There had been an increasing number of aerial attacks on civilian targets, including schools, homes, hospitals, internal displacement camps, and places of worship, even after the earthquake occurred. Often, there was no apparent military target in the vicinity of strikes. Between May and July, there had been an air strike on a hospital managed by the National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG) in Tabayin township, in which 24 people were killed and more than 100 were injured; a strike in July on a Buddhist monastery in Lin Ta Lu village in Sagaing township, in which at least 22 people were killed; an air strike in Khin-U township where 15 were killed; and an air strike on a police station in Singu township in which 24 people, many of whom were detainees, had been killed. The Mechanism was analysing the composition of the Myanmar Air Force and its chain of command to identify the perpetrators involved.

The IIMM was also investigating atrocities committed against the Rohingya, particularly during the clearance operations of 2017. Rakhine State had become an area where there were ongoing crimes against the communities who resided there. The Mechanism would continue to collect evidence of international crimes, regardless of who the perpetrators were.

Later this month, Mr. Koumjian would travel to Cox’s Bazar for the stakeholders’ dialogue in the lead up to the High-Level Conference on the situation of the Rohingya, to be held in New York in September, where the Rohingya crisis would be addressed. He said he was grateful to Bangladesh, which was hosting the conference. There were over a million Rohingya refugees now in Bangladesh - people who had been forcibly displaced from their homes. There was an underlying belief that it was time to do something to address this crisis.

In response to questions, Mr. Koumjian said IIMM’s investigations, which involved speaking to people in detention and witnesses of events, had shown that torture was common. Women were routinely subjected to the threat of psychological violence and invasive body searches. The Mechanism was working hard to investigate torture cases and collecting evidence that could lead to identification of perpetrators of offences and prosecution.

There had been an increasing use of air power by the regime, which was tied to their loss of territory. De-facto authorities seemed to be intentionally targeting civilian areas with airstrikes. There was a reluctance of military fighters to engage in land combat, and air strikes were one way to engage in combat in difficult areas.

The IIMM had a unit that was investigating the financial aspects of crimes, looking into who was supplying equipment used in crimes such as the burning and bulldozing of villages. It was working with countries that had jurisdiction to prosecute these crimes. There were ongoing cases concerning the Rohingya at the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and in Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina was an outlier in that its courts were able to investigate international crimes against humanity without ties to the country.

There had recently been an increase in evidence collected by the IIMM that opposition groups had committed crimes, including videos posted on the internet showing the execution of captured fighters. The Mechanism was interested in collecting evidence, regardless of the affiliations of the perpetrators or victims. It had sent several dozen requests for information regarding these crimes to the Myanmar military and opposition fighters, but only the National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG) had responded, providing evidence of crimes committed by their own soldiers.

Military commanders were responsible for their own actions if they failed to prevent or punish crimes, but they were not necessarily responsible for the actions of their subordinates. The IIMM wanted commanders to cooperate with the Mechanism, to enforce international rules regarding warfare and to help with investigations of crimes.

The IIMM did not disclose evidence of perpetrators or their names before criminal investigations had completed, as doing so could hinder investigations. The Mechanism could investigate only a portion of the crimes committed, but all perpetrators should be concerned that their names were in its files. There was a large amount of evidence and names in the IIMM database, but these could not currently be disclosed.

Regarding finances, Mr. Koumjian said these were tough times for many organisations, including the United Nations. The IIMM could spend only 73 per cent of its budget for this year. The Mechanism had a unit that was conducting open-source investigations, which had collected thousands of videos of suspected crimes, such as villages being burned and executions. If additional grants were not secured, the IIMM would have to close this unit, which had been vital in collecting evidence. The Mechanism also did not have sufficient funds to support the operations of its unit investigating gender-based violence and sexual crimes. The IIMM had lost two of its three grants from the United States, and other countries had also withdrawn funding. Many of the functions of the Mechanism would be in danger if additional funding was not received.

Update on the Health Situation in Gaza

Dr. Rik Peeperkorn, Representative in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, World Health Organization (WHO), said the overall health situation remained catastrophic across the Gaza Strip. Currently, only 50 per cent of hospitals and 38 per cent of primary health care centres were functional, and there had been a stark reduction in medical points.

Bed occupancy in Ministry of Health hospitals had exceeded capacity, reaching close to 250 per cent at Shifa Hospital, 210 per cent at Rantissi, 180 per cent at Nasser, and 300 per cent at Ahli Hospital. There were also critical shortages in medication and consumables, with 52 per cent of medicines and 68 per cent of consumables at zero-stock.

Hospitals were particularly overwhelmed by injuries coming from food distribution areas, which were also driving persistent shortages of blood and plasma. The number of casualties among people trying to access food supplies had increased to 1,655 fatalities and more than 11,800 injuries since 27 May 2025.

WHO’s Gaza City warehouse now sat in an evacuation zone. Dr. Peeperkorn said the destruction that wiped out its main southern warehouse must not happen again. As a result of the new Gaza City displacement orders, one primary health care centre and one medical point were now within the displacement area, while three hospitals, one field hospital, one ambulance centre, six primary health care centres and two medical points were within 1,000 meters of the displacement area.

Hunger and malnutrition continued to ravage Gaza. As of 5 August, 147 people had died from the effect of malnutrition in 2025. This included 98 adults and 49 children, 39 of whom were less than five years old. Nearly 12,000 children under five years in Gaza were identified to be suffering from acute malnutrition in July, the highest monthly figure recorded to date, according to the Nutrition Cluster. These comprised around 2,500 children who suffered from severe acute malnutrition, of whom 40 were hospitalised at stabilisation centres.

Between July and 7 August, a total of 452 suspected meningitis cases were reported across the Gaza Strip, the highest number recorded since the beginning of the escalation. Isolation measures had been implemented, including the separation of the external department at Al Khair Hospital from the Nasser Medical Complex and the establishment of isolation tents at Al Aqsa Hospital to safely manage suspected cases.

During June and until 7 August, 76 suspected Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) cases were reported across the Gaza Strip. The surge in cases was partly because of improved acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, which was being implemented in Gaza by the Ministry of Health with support from WHO and partners. GBS was a postinfection syndrome that came following a respiratory or gastrointestinal bacterial or viral infection.

This situation highlighted the exacerbation of risk factors and the necessity to mitigate them. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure had collapsed; there was overcrowding in shelters, malnutrition and compromised immunity, and restricted access to healthcare and testing capacities. WHO continued to work closely on strengthening surveillance and addressing the gaps related to laboratory and diagnostic capacity as well as treatment. Two first line treatments, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PLEX), were at zero stock, as were anti-inflammatories. Their delivery needed to be urgently expedited. WHO hoped to bring in a small quantity next week, but approval was needed to bring these supplies in.

Complex entry requirements and the arbitrary denial of international medical teams was impacting the availability of health care in Gaza, leading to more preventable deaths. Since 18 March 2025, denial rates had risen by nearly 50 per cent, with 102 critical international health professionals, including surgeons and other specialised medical staff, barred from entry.

Since June, WHO had brought in 80 trucks with medical supplies, However, entry processes remained difficult and ever changing. Staff members’ inspection activities at border points had been delayed by restrictions. Many items, such as assistive devices, intensive care unit beds, freezers, cold chain medicines, anaesthesia machines, had been denied entry. Some 282 pallets of supplies had entered via Ben Gurion Airport, but the clearance process was far too slow. Multiple crossings needed to be opened to allow the delivery of humanitarian supplies.

Since 18 March 2025, 10 medical evacuation missions had taken place, involving 414 patients, including 305 children, and 747 companions. More than 7,000 patients had been evacuated since October 2023, including more than 5,000 children. More countries needed to step forward to accept patients, and referral pathways to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, needed to be restored.

In response to questions, Dr. Peeperkorn said that when there was a temporary ceasefire, the United Nations and partners had brought in between 400 to 600 trucks of aid supplies per day. This made a large difference. Markets needed to be flooded with food, and prices needed to go down - this would reduce mass casualty incidents and looting. However, this was not happening on the level that was needed, and delivery arrangements were too slow and cumbersome. Many of the items that needed to be brought in were still being denied.

To carry on humanitarian operations and keep hospitals running, 50 trucks of fuel needed to come in daily, but there was currently less than 20 coming in. WHO was constantly negotiating regarding the delivery of supplies but was unable to bring in enough. In the context of a potential incursion in Gaza, WHO wanted to stock up hospitals and build its own reserves but was currently not able to do so sufficiently. It was calling for access to deliver all the essential medicines that were needed in Gaza.

Rolando Gómez, Chief of the Press and External Relations Section at the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) in Geneva, said that a statement from the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres was issued late on Friday on the announcement from the Israeli Government on its decision to take control of Gaza City. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) had also issued an update on the humanitarian response in Gaza.

Plastics Pollution Treaty Discussions

Tarik Jašarević for the World Health Organization (WHO) said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros had expressed in a media briefing on 7 August 2025 the importance of an agreement on plastics. Studies had been carried out by WHO on the effect of plastics on human health.

Rolando Gómez, of UNIS Geneva, said talks on a plastics pollution treaty were continuing this week in Geneva, with plans to conclude this Thursday. UNIS would continue to inform journalists about progress in discussions and plans for press conferences.

Today, Tuesday, 12 August at 1 p.m., the European Union delegation for the second part of the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution (INC-5.2) would hold a press stakeout at the stakeout position behind room XX, at which Magnus Heunick, Danish Minister for the Environment, and Jessika Roswall, European Commissioner for Environment, would speak.

One Year Anniversary of the Declaration of Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern

Tarik Jašarević for the World Health Organization (WHO) said WHO had marked the one-year anniversary of the declaration of mpox as a public health emergency of international concern. There was currently a mixed picture in terms of trends in cases, with declines in cases in some countries but increases in others. In 2025, 79 countries had reported mpox cases, and the worst affected countries were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Sierra Leone. More figures were available on the WHO website. The WHO Emergency Committee had convened in June and determined that mpox continued to be a public health emergency of international concern.

Announcements

Rolando Gómez, Chief of the Press and External Relations Section at the United Nations Information Service (UNIS) in Geneva, said the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (33rd session, 11-26 August) was reviewing today the report of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Tomorrow afternoon and Thursday afternoon (14 August, and to be confirmed, Friday from 3 to 4 p.m.), the Committee would review, under article 11 of the Convention (related to “Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies”), the situation of persons with disabilities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Other countries to be reviewed during this session were Kiribati, Maldives, and Finland.

The United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres issued a statement yesterday expressing condolences regarding the passing of the Colombian presidential candidate Senator Miguel Uribe Turbay. The Secretary-General reiterated his call for the 7 June attack on the Senator to be fully investigated and for those responsible to be brought to justice.

Today was International Youth Day, an important occasion to celebrate the determination, creativity, and leadership of young people everywhere. This year, the theme of the day was “Local Youth Action for the SDGs and Beyond”. The Secretary-General had issued a message for the day.

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