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The global average temperature for July 2023 was the highest on record and likely for at least 120,000 years, the UN weather agency WMO and partners said on Tuesday.
“The global average temperature for July 2023 is confirmed to be the highest on record for any month,” said Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director at the European Commission’s Copernicus Climate Change Service. “The month is estimated to have been around 1.5C warmer than the average for 1815 to 1900, so the average for pre-industrial times.”
Briefing journalists in Geneva, Ms. Burgess noted that July had been marked by heatwaves “in multiple regions around the world”.
Based on data analysis known as proxy records, which include cave deposits, calcifying organisms, coral and shells, the Copernicus scientist added that it “has not been this warm for the last 120,000 years”.
Records were also broken for global sea surface temperatures, after "unusually high" temperatures this April that led to the ocean surface warming in July to some 0.51C above the 1991-2020 average.
From the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Chris Hewitt, Director of Climate Services, pointed to the agency’s prediction in May that there was a “ 98 per cent likelihood” that one of the next five years will be one of the warmest on record. He also reiterated that while there was a 66 per cent chance that the 1.5C threshold above the pre-industrial value will be exceeded in this timeframe, this will likely be a “temporary” change.
Temporary or not, any such increase will have “dire consequences for both people and the planet exposed to ever more frequent and intense extreme events”, Ms. Burgess warned. “It shows the urgency for ambitious efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, which are the main driver behind these records.”
WMO’s Mr. Hewitt said that it was also important to note that 2015 to 2022 were the “eight warmest years” according to readings going back at least 170 years, despite prevailing La Niña conditions in the Pacific ocean that “tend to reign in the global average temperature and suppress them slightly”.
The WMO added that “the long-term warming trend is driven by continued increases in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere” which have all reached record observed highs.
“The warmest year on record so far was 2016 and that particular year was associated with a very strong El Niño event on top of the long-term warming of the climate system,” he explained.
ENDS
1. Exterior wide shot, United Nations flag flying.
2. Wide shot, panel at briefing.
3. SOUNDBITE: (ENGLISH) Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director Copernicus Climate Change Service/ECMWF: “The global average temperature for July 2023 is confirmed to be the highest on record for any month. The month is estimated to have been around 1.5 degrees warmer than the average for 1815 to 1900, so the average for pre-industrial times. Heatwaves were experienced throughout July in multiple regions around the world. Moving on from air temperatures to sea surface temperatures, the global average sea surface temperatures continued to rise after a long period of unusually high temperatures since April 2023, reaching record-high levels in July.”
4. Medium: speaker on podium.
5. SOUNDBITE: (ENGLISH) Chris Hewitt, WMO Director of Climate Services: “2015 to 2022 were the eight warmest years in the instrumental record going back at least 170 years and it’s important to note this is despite persistent La Niña conditions that we had over the last three years and the relevance of that is La Niña conditions tend to rein in the global average temperatures and suppress them slightly.”
6. Medium of speaker and screen.
7. SOUNDBITE: (ENGLISH) Chris Hewitt, WMO Director of Climate Services: “This long-term warming trend, it’s driven by continued increases in concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere so the three main gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, they all reached record observed highs. The warmest year on record so far was 2016 and that particular year is associated with a combination of a very strong El Niño event at that time on top of the long-term warming of the climate system.”
8. Close up, Zoom speaker on laptop.
9. SOUNDBITE: (ENGLISH) Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director Copernicus Climate Change Service/ECMWF: “What we can say is from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report it has not been this warm, combining observational records and paleoclimate records, for the last 120 thousand years.”
10.Medium side view of speaker and screen.
11. SOUNDBITE: (ENGLISH) Chris Hewitt, WMO Director of Climate Services: “We predicted back in May I think it was, a press briefing again, it's very likely, 98 per cent likelihood, that one of the next five years will be one of the warmest on record and a 66 per cent chance - so more likely than not - that we will temporarily exceed 1.5 degrees above the pre-industrial value, so the Paris Agreement, so temporarily exceed 1.5 degrees for at least one of the next five years.”
12. Mid of attendee at briefing.
13. Mid of attendees at briefing.
14. Mid of attendee at briefing.
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New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
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Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
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“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
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Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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