Thank you for joining us this morning for the UN Information Service press briefing in Geneva.
Let's start immediately with a few announcements.
I will start with Catherine, who has a short announcement to make and then we will go to Orlando.
Catherine, you have the floor.
I just want to make 2 short announcements.
Next week, we will have a report on the tourism and impact, of course of COVID-19 not only on developed countries, but also on small island developing States and other developing countries.
So for the developed countries, we will have an analysis on US, China, Spain and Italy.
So this is the date is to be confirmed, but it should be for next week.
And another report will be in the series Commodities at a Glance on raw material for battery.
And this would be particularly interesting in the in the context of COVID-19.
This report will be presented at the very end of of June, beginning of July.
I just want to inform you that I will be offered off tonight for three weeks and my colleague Dan Tango will take over the the work with you.
So the contact details will be added to my notes, the contact of of Dan Tango.
I see Tamila has a question for you.
Yes, No, it's to you, Alessandra actually.
Anybody has a question for Katrina?
My question is on WHO to know if they're they're going to be at your briefing and if not, why the answer to your first.
The answer to your first question is no, they will not connect.
The answer to the second question is I guess they're very busy.
No, I understand that they're very busy.
We are also very busy, but they're empty your briefing and in a way that actually harms us in our probably one of our only moments that we can actually have access to them during, during the Monday, Wednesday and and Friday briefings.
We don't get to ask many questions, first of all.
Secondly, we don't get to have answers by e-mail or by WhatsApp from them.
So the Tuesdays and Fridays are the moment that we can have access to them.
Secondly, this is important, Alexander.
Whenever they need and whenever any institution of the UN needs funding, they come to present a random press release that obviously has as an objective to raise money.
And we are used in those occasions and we know that and it's part of the game now.
Whenever we need information, it's not happening.
So we need to know why and we need to know why there is this clear attempt not to give information to the press in Geneva.
Thank you very much, Jamil, First of all, I let me decide of your question.
When you say I think that all the colleagues that are here, I have got important questions to brief you upon and this is definitely something I want to put on record.
There are a lot of agencies that come every time they give you a lot of information.
That information is important and it's important that you covered it and who has come consistently for a long time now for the last three times indeed they have not come.
I have brought your required that you also expressed on Tuesday and last Tuesday and last Friday to the attention of our colleagues at WHO and they know, they know.
And I really invite you also to write directly to them if you wish.
I have told them and I guess they are very busy.
So I don't see any other question.
Oh, Bianca, is that a question for Catherine or for me?
Hi, Alexandra is just to highlight what Jamil just said because again we have the same concern, the same problem during the press conference.
Usually they give the floor to a Brazilian media, but sometimes it's not us.
And we need, we need to have this contact, we need to have further information.
So if you can just highlight this, I will.
Thank you very much, Bianca, for highlighting again what Jamie just said.
As I said, I have told them last Tuesday and Friday.
I will tell them again today.
You are also very welcome to write directly to Mrs Gabby Stern, who is the head of the Director of Communication of WHO.
I just want to 2nd watch.
Jamila was just saying it's really simply not acceptable.
It's the biggest crisis in the world, the biggest crisis in the world since generations and they don't show up consecutively.
That's really not acceptable.
If you could do something about that.
Well, I think this would be really appreciated.
Thank you, Jan Definitely I will.
I will again bring this to their attention.
Alessandra Yes, I want to second my colleagues again.
And and you know that The thing is that the epicentre of the of the pandemic, it's in Latin America right now.
Yesterday Doctor Tedros said that and it's important for us that WHL show up for our questions and they don't did did they give you an explanation why they didn't show up last time?
We're just informed that they couldn't come.
Thank you very much, Alison.
I know that you are, you know, with us, but really this is unacceptable.
I, I let them know again on your behalf.
I just wanted to 2nd my colleagues.
We'd like to have The Who here.
We are dealing with global issues that are of prime importance and we need to be briefed by them.
I think they are abrogating their duty by not attending.
Thank you very much, Peter.
I'll add this to the communication I'll do to them.
I think the point is well taken.
Let's go to the next speaker.
Who has important briefing on an important meeting that has started yesterday at the pallet, which is the Human Rights Council.
Ron, do you have the floor?
Yes, indeed, an important meeting started yesterday.
He resumed 43rd session of the Human Rights Council kicked off yesterday, 15th of June.
We are currently in the middle of this week long resume resume session, which will end this Friday.
So maybe just turning to the programme for today.
We have a continuation of a general debate on Item 7 that speaks to the human rights situation in the Occupy Palestinian Territory.
We had yesterday a update from the **** Commissioner on some reports.
So this debate is just about concluding.
We will be soon starting the general debate on item H, which speaks to the Vienna Declaration Programme of Action, which is a document, as you know, which created the Office of the **** Commissioner back in 1993 and is a standing item within the Council.
After the break, we will start with item 9, which speaks to the issue of racism, racial discrimination and xenophobia and other related tolerance.
Firstly, there's a report from the Intergovernmental Working Group on the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration of Programme of Action on its most recent session, actually, which was in December last year.
So that report will be presented at roughly 3:00 PM.
And then immediately after that, roughly 315 or so, we'll have a general debate on this item.
So this will speak to global issues of racism and racial discrimination.
This debate will will continue tomorrow morning and then we will have immediately after this general debate, we will have an interactive discussion tomorrow morning, roughly around 10:00, an interactive discussion with a **** Commissioner and a team of international experts on the human rights situation in the Kasai region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
So we'll have members of this team of experts, Mr Bach and Dai, some of you know Mr and Dai, who will be joining the conversation via video conference in Dakar.
And we have Sheila Kitaruth, another member joining from Mauritius.
So we'll be testing out our video teleconferencing platform tomorrow.
This will take us to the end of the morning.
Now, tomorrow afternoon, once again at 3:00 PM, as announced yesterday by the President of the Council, the Human Rights Council will heard hold its urgent debate pertaining to the current protests in the United States and throughout the world, which speak to the racism against people of African descent.
This was triggered by the death of George Floyd.
As you know, to remind you, this request for an urgent debate came in form of a letter from the African group late on Friday evening and was approved by the Council yesterday morning to take place tomorrow at 3:00 PM.
Maybe just to quote the actual letter states that hold an urgent debate.
Quote on the racially inspired human rights violations, systematic racism, police brutality and violence against peaceful protests.
For the moment, I don't have any details on the scenario for this debate.
What I can tell you is that it will culminate with the adoption of a resolution which is currently being discussed.
I understand that there will be informal consultations this afternoon in Room 18 at 4:00 PM.
For those of you who are interested, this is apparently a public meeting.
Once the draught resolution is tabled.
I will share that with you along with any other details about tomorrow's debate.
So I will keep you updated on all these important developments.
I will take the opportunity to just clarify because last Friday we said that indeed the masks were not needed in the council and in then we will receive a new guidance that yes, you had to wear masks in the in the council.
However, I also received a few questions about wearing masks at press conferences.
We have now clarified with our colleagues the the COVID-19, let's say preparation and management colleagues that's up to meetings which are up to 50 people and where social distancing is allowed are not really demanding the use of masks.
So I think this because we have had this question for Mr Grandy's press conference this afternoon and indeed it's not necessary for you to wear masks.
I think Real will put it in a in a note for you.
But just for your information, I see Gorky has asked for the floor.
Is that Gorky Bonchu will separate Rolando.
Rolando, Rolando, thank you, Gorgie.
Well, indeed this, these events rather the urgent debate as I mentioned was triggered by events in the US and and they are in a sense a concerned country.
But I should just emphasise what the what the President of the Council said yesterday at her press conference.
While while this is taking place because of these events which were triggered in the US, this is a topic which is not just about 1 country, it goes well beyond that.
Firstly, that's just I wanted to also mention that there is a much deeper background to this crisis which is portrayed by systematic racism which plagues in many societies around the globe.
And as you know Gorgie and colleagues, you know, racial discrimination and racism is very much part of the fabric of the Human Rights Council.
So this is, it's fitting that such a discussion is taking place.
In terms of the US participation, as you know, the US withdrew its membership back in June 2018.
They have not showed up in the council since then.
Of course as their prerogative, the door is open for them to come back at any point in time.
We haven't heard either way.
It's up to them to take that decision.
Of course this is state driven process.
So, of course, you can always point your question to them to see if they would be interested in participating in any way or form.
Thanks to the statement, a personal statement that about more more than 20 senior leaders in the UN who report directly to the Secretary General and who are African or of African descent have written in the form of an O Pad expressing their outrage at preventive systematic racism, highlighting the need to go beyond and do more than just offering condemnation.
This O Pad has been distributed to you.
If you haven't received it, we have it in English, French and Spanish.
So if if you haven't received it, we can send it to you.
And obviously, this is as it says, form of an O pad is also useful in case you wanted to publish it.
I see two more hands have been raised.
Rolando, about the United States or yesterday, the Austrian ambassador said that, yes, they haven't been present at all, but they have followed various activities by webinar or whatever, and she expected that that's what they would do.
But I'm curious to know whether there has been any personal interaction, dialogue with the United States regarding this and other issues, whether there's been a sort of silence on the part of the United States.
I mean, total withdrawal.
I'd like to know if there's any sort of relationship going on.
I'll need to check if there was any correspondence with the United States.
I'm not aware of anything, but I'll certainly check.
And I'll have to get back to you on that.
I'd like to know, I know that the SG did deliver messages on the topic, but I would like to know if there there are investigations going on about racism in inside the UN.
And I'm not talking about simple racism that means colour or origin, but the fact that people that are originally from certain geographical zones, regions gets promotion quickly, quicker than others.
We, we, we see that some people are able to go quickly from AI say P4 to AD1 or D2 when in within seven years then, and others that are highly qualified are spending 20 years at the same in the same position.
So are there investigation studies or it's in in I know that this the SG did say that he will work on that.
But could you please, if possible, Alessandra or precise in, in what he intends to do or what he asked you to the, the, the, the **** level staff to do in order to provide him the more the most accurate infos?
And I don't know, please.
Yes, as you say, the secretary John has been very clear on that.
And I think that also in his communication to the staff, he's been very clear.
Now I am not aware of a vast inquiry.
Normally when it comes to promotions at the UN, there are mechanisms.
And if there is something which has not been done right, there is a mechanism investigation on particular cases.
Now you're speaking, I think something a little bit more global.
So I will ask if this is the case and I'll come back to you.
Rolando, there are no more questions for you.
So let me go to sorry, let me take my my attendance list.
OK, So let me go to Andre for his briefing.
Just before I give you the floor to Andre, I would like just to inform you that Jennifer Fenton, who could not connect this morning, she asked me to to inform you to confirm that the UN special envoy for Syria, Mr Gyro Pedersen, will be briefing the Security Council today at 10 AM in New York, so 4:00 PM in Geneva.
And as usual, the transcript of the briefing will be distributed.
That's just for your information.
Andrei, you have the floor for a briefing on, I think, Syria and COVID.
We have a briefing on the situation of the Syrian refugees in the neighbouring countries.
And we are warning this morning that the economic downturn prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees across the Middle East into an even more desperate situation and has increased their humanitarian needs.
The number of vulnerable refugees who lack the basic resources to survive in exile has dramatically surged as a result of the public health emergency.
The refugee hosting communities in countries in Syria's neighbourhood experience similar hardships.
Many refugees have lost what what were already meagre incomes, forcing them to cut down on the most basic needs that includes food and medicine.
Refugee households are taking on additional debt.
And are not able to pay their rents anymore.
Serious protection risks are also growing, including risks of child labour, gender based violence, early marriages and other forms of exploitation.
Since the start of the pandemic, UNHCR has provided emergency cash support to nearly 200,000 additional refugees in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey who previously did not receive financial aid, along with other efforts to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
The five countries alone host more than 5.5 million Syrian refugees, the biggest refugee group in the world.
The agency is attempting to support at least 100,000 refugees, more with one of payments.
However, many refugees still do not know how they will cope.
In Jordan, for example, only 17,000 out of 49,000 newly identified vulnerable families received emergency cash support.
As UNHCI is lacking the funds to extend its programmes, we are working with partners who support the local communities hosting refugees.
9 out of 10 Syrian refugees in the region live in towns or villages and not in camps.
The majority live in low income areas.
Host communities have shown great solidarity, but they have also suffered loss of livelihoods as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Beyond the immediate emergency, continued support to national systems is a priority.
Crucial steps have been taken to ensure that refugees are included in countries national public health responses to COVID-19, in addition to the long standing access for refugees to other services such as education.
Even prior to the pandemic, the majority of Syrian refugees in the region have been living below the poverty line.
The most those most in need have been receiving cash or other types of support.
A recent survey in Jordan showed that only 35% of refugees said that they had some form of secure job to return to after the lifting of the COVID-19 restrictions.
To improve protection of most vulnerable refugees and host community members through better ensuring ensuring their livelihoods, UNHCR appeals for strong and unwavering international support to the main host countries in the region.
The Syria Refugee Response and Resilience Plan for 2020 is currently updating its requirements in light of the additional needs related to COVID-19.
The the $5.5 billion plan was only 20% funded across the region before the onset of the virus.
We are equally concerned about the humanitarian situation of returnees.
More than six people 6,000,000 internally displaced Syrians and other vulnerable groups inside the country prior to the latest downturn.
According to the UN estimates, over 80% of Syrians live below the poverty line.
And more than nine years into this crisis, it has left 11 million people in need of humanitarian assistance.
The situation has become even more dramatic and difficult over the past months as the economy has sharply deteriorated.
Thank you very much, Andre, for this briefing.
I have a question from Catherine.
In fact, the question was not for Andre.
It was related to your announcement.
Alessandra, you did speak about Syria and the Mr Peterson that was going to brief the Security Council.
And I want, I would like to, to come back on the fact that we would be very happy to to have to hear Mr Peterson, because if I understood well, he's supposed to be based in Geneva.
I've seen that during the lockdown, he did participate to a lot of webinars on all kind of topics and that he is participating again to an event soon.
So it would be nice that it, it, it takes time to maybe address the Geneva press corps about the situation in Syria.
Thank you, Alessandra, for conveying this demand.
I will, Katherine, but two point little points 1 is that he actually spoke 1 briefing.
But of course, I'm sure you're happy to see him more.
And the other thing is I will let him know.
But just let me add to what I said before that the briefing to the Security Council will also be available on UN Web TV.
But yes, I, I let I let Jennifer know of your request for sure.
Emma, is that a question for Andre?
I was wondering if you could comment a little bit further about funding, please.
Are you concerned about donor apathy for Syria in the COVID area?
And do you think there's any risk of the Syrian crisis kind of going the way of the Yemen crisis in the current circumstances?
We obviously would like to see the levels of funding that would be approximately reflecting where we are in, in, in, in, in the course of this year and we are essentially halfway through at the onset of the of the crisis.
The the appeal for Syrian refugees has been funded up to 20% and obviously there have been additional needs that have come through as a result of the impact the the the pandemic is having across the region, heavily impacting the host communities as well as millions of refugees across the region.
There are preparations for for the pledging conferences on the way.
We do hope that that will reflect the continued commitment of the international community to support both refugees.
But equally so the countries that have that have been shouldering most of the most of this situation, who have been supporting Syrian refugees for now full five years, full nine years.
And obviously we are into the 10th year of this crisis.
I was wondering whether all of the countries were were practising lockdowns, whether the all, all or most of the refugees are in lockdown.
And if that's the case, then this sort of precludes the possibility of earning any money, right?
And then I'm also wondering who are the most vulnerable among the refugees and are they open to exploitation?
How do they get anything to eat or to help themselves?
And one more thing and that is are the governments in the neighbouring countries providing health help, COVID related help such as testing and other things to the refugees or are they being excluded from whatever actions the governments are taking in regard to their own populations?
A few questions, yes, starting from the from the obviously the the measures that the governments have put in place place as part of their national responses to the pandemic apply to all people on the territory of the country.
That means that any such measures also applies to the refugee population that the that the country is hosting refugees need to abide by the same rules as as everybody else.
So in that sense the the measures affect everybody on the territory.
However, the impact for the refugees has been particularly hard because great majority of them have been dependent.
Essentially what is a daily income, a money that they were able to make from daily work.
And as I've mentioned, most of them live in low income areas where they are also in the situation where they compete for the for the low skilled jobs with with with the local population.
Furthermore, on the on the issue of the the vulnerability, obviously the the households for example, that are headed by a single mum or unaccompanied children or separated children, people with disabilities, elderly etcetera are particularly vulnerable.
As I said, there is, there is inherent vulnerability as the, as the refugee families not only are, are, are already in the situation of poverty, but now they are adding on additional debt to, to their situation and the risks of the exploitation and ***** for people in in, in such situation is serious.
We, we are very concerned about that people resort to the measures that would allow them to somehow make ends meet.
We have evidence of, of, of people trying to skip meals in order to spread out the food so it can last longer.
They may skip taking medication, everything that is considered right now, something where they can cut, cut cost.
So This is why we are, we have now also seen in addition to the families that have already been identified as vulnerable, another 200,000 refugees just in this period of three months who because of the impact needed emergency, emergency assistance.
And the last point has been our consistent advocacy point on the need to include everybody on the territory in the national public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
And that has been the case throughout the regions.
And, and it is a very important point that that the refugees, internally displaced stateless people are included in the national public health responses only if everybody is being looked after and everybody is safe, we can all be safe.
Thank you very much, Andrei.
And the next question is from Christiane.
Are you, did I miss something or are you going to share information on the report that Mister Grundy is going to brief us about this afternoon?
So it's better to, to yes, I believe, I believe the Pala Media has received an e-mail from us yesterday afternoon.
I would kindly ask you to recheck your inbox.
There is there is a message there with links to the relevant documents.
Again, the **** Commissioner's briefing this afternoon is under embargo, which is 5:00 AM GMT on the 18th of June.
The same embargo applies to all of the materials that are posted on the page we shared with you yesterday.
And there was another question, but I see the person has put down the hands, so I don't see any other question.
But before, Oh, Freddy, that's for Andre.
Julie Puzinkis for Andre, I want to say.
Freddy, before I give the floor to Paul, and this is for Catherine, but also maybe it's of interest of other journalists.
Katherine, just as a first answer to your question about racism inside the UN, the secretary general, I was looking at the transcript of the, of what he said to the staff.
He spoke very specifically of the fact that he, of course we, we of course in the UN have got some instruments already there to help on having an honest conversation on racism.
But he wants something more specific and he has asked the Ombudsman together with the Human resources department to prepare in articulation with the staff representatives that I'm quoting here, a plan of action for a one year debate on racism within the organisation.
I mean at conclusions that he wants to listen and be able to act upon.
So this is, and it's followed by a series of other information.
I'm not going to read the whole thing.
In case you have not received this letter, this letter has been made available to all the journalists.
I think we have transmitted it to you.
But if you haven't received it, we can do it again.
And it's quite a detailed information about the Secretary General intentions to take action the organisation about this issue.
So now I will give the floor to oh, Catherine, pardon you.
You wanted to react maybe.
And yes, I did read the deliver the delivery in the statement of the SG that the reason why I knew that he he particularly insisted on that.
But I would like to know because as you said, there's plan to debate, but will there be like an internal investigation not only in Geneva, but I mean, also in the system, because it's not proper to 1 organisation.
We, we, we know that because it, it is, I would say too easy to go only to problems people complaining.
But so we don't have to to go to people that complain about the system we have just to go.
I think to people that are in the system that are satisfied to work but are in fact seeing that some are progressing quickly, quicker than than others, you know, not absolutely.
I think the the idea of asking the Ombudsman and the human resources to prepare such a plan, it's also to look into that.
So I think we have to wait for that plan to know exactly, but I would definitely ask.
I know that the Staff Coordinating Council has also suggested something alike and the Secretary General has expressed his will for whether for the Ombudsman and, and for the human resources to work with the Staff Council to prepare this plan.
So this input will probably be included there.
But if there's something already happening, I will ask and come back to you.
But I think the intention of the Secretary General is very clear to have a a very large look at this issue in the organisation, which obviously, as you said, referring to promotion also applies or to geographical representation.
So my next speaker, as I said, is Paul, Paul Dylan for IOM.
And in fact, Paul, you want to talk to us about COVID in West and Southern Africa?
Yeah, I just wanted to bring up to speed on some issues relating to migration flows in West and Central Africa today, as many of you know is international.
They have family remittances.
So it behoves us to discuss some of these matters.
Dakar data collected at 35 key transit points across West and Central Africa by IOM indicate regional migration has dropped by nearly 50% in the first half of 2020 compared to 2019 due to government travel restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on International Day of Family Remittances.
The data reflects a double burden that low and middle income countries bear at this time.
Response to COVID-19 has caused great disruption to cross-border mobility and trade even as the World Bank is projecting remittances to sub-saharan African.
sub-Saharan Africa will drop by some 23% and one in nine people on earth are affected by remittance flows.
Roughly half reside in small towns and rural villages where remittances put food on the table, educate children and support small businesses.
Now, although mobility restrictions such as border closures have been instrumental in limiting the spread of the virus, they've had a devastating repercussions for regional trade and livelihoods.
Migrants and internally displaced people disproportionately face their effects of these restrictions.
Border communities and cross-border commerce have been impacted in a region where 60% of the economy is informal.
We also estimate that at least 33,000 migrants are currently stranded at borders, including an overcrowded transit centres, as a result of COVID-19 restrictions.
Most have lost their jobs or income, which can also be an obstacle to accessing health services.
Among these thousands of stranded migrants are seasonal migrant workers across a wide area from the nations of the Gulf of Guinea, the Burkina Faso, Mali, in Guinea itself.
Other frequent travellers are Quranic students who move between West African countries and transhuman herders along what is known as a transhuman's corridor stretching from Mauritania, Chad.
In addition, there are more than 6,000,000 internally displaced persons across West and Central Africa who are almost exclusively reliant on humanitarian aid, which has been impacted by restrictions on mobility.
ID, PS who previously be have been able to earn wages through an informal local labour markets now are unable to do so given the restrictions on entry and exit from many of the region's IDP camps.
If you're interested in further information about this, I've included a link to the report in the precedent that was sent out earlier.
Thank you very much, Paul.
And I would like to also draw the attention of the journalist to this message that the Secretary General made on the International Day of Family Remittances that you have just mentioned.
I think we've sent you the English version, The French and Spanish version will be sent soon.
And to also refer to the appeal of the Secretary General who asked to do our utmost to support millions of families to reach their own goal.
And this also bring us closer to achieving this sustainable development goals one family at a time, he said.
So I will look at the list for yes, Lisa is asking for the floor.
You said that there was a drop of 23% in in remittances.
Do you have a a dollar figure on that?
And then also in terms of regional migration that that has dropped by nearly 50%, how much was it before?
I mean, I'd like to get a comparative picture about what is happening now and has the migration, you speak about regional migration, but has migration to Europe essentially dried up as well as consequence of COVID-19?
Yeah, thanks very much for your questions.
Lisa, just to to clarify, the projections of remittance drops of 23% were made by the World Bank.
Of course, we're not the World Bank.
And so we're sitting, but we're we're waiting to see further assessments about the specific financial impacts of that.
I can tell you that the amount remitted by migrants from sub-Saharan Africa has grown tenfold in the last 20 years from about 4.8 billion in the year 2000 to 48 billion in 2018, which is the most recent figures that we have.
I understand from a read of the World Bank's projections that that in 2019, remittances to low and middle income countries totaled about 554 billion U.S.
And that if you factor in a roughly 20% drop in those remittances, which is what the World Bank is projecting globally, that would fall to to roughly 445 billion U.S.
But just to reiterate, these figures are from the World Bank.
They're not produced by by IOM in terms of the raw number of movements.
I've been asking this question.
I hope to have an answer for it a little later on today and I'd be more than happy to get back to you on it.
Your third question was regarding movements of into Europe.
I mean, I think that if you look at the recent news from North Africa about movements through the Central Mediterranean route, you'll see that that there's been the continued flow of people from from North Africa.
And a further assessment and further evaluations of movements from other parts from Turkey and into Greece, for example, and other locations show that there is a a fairly consistent movement or attempted movement of people at this time.
I don't see any other request for the floor.
Let's wait a second because normally when I say this, there are some hands up, but it's not the case this time.
So thank you for to our, all our speakers.
I just wanted to give you to remind you that, well, you've just spoken of it this afternoon at 4:00 PM, the UNHCR, the annual Global Trans Report and forced displacement will be presented to you on the street embargo by **** Commissioner Grandi.
But also Please remember that today at 1:30, we will have a virtual press conference by World Food Programme on the impact of COVID-19 in Latin America and the World FP World Food Programmes response.
And the speaker will be Miguel Barreto, who's the Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean of World Food Programme.
I think it is a bit disconnected in case you have any question on that.
So I don't see any other hand up.
But thank you very much to you all.
