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PRESS BRIEFING BY THE UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION SERVICE
18 November 2022
Call for a ban on forced returns to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Elizabeth Tan, Director of International Protection, United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), said that UNHCR had updated its return advisory for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, reiterating its call for a ban on forced returns to the eastern provinces of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri. It also called on States to grant refugees access to their territory and treat them in accordance with the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.
UNHCR was concerned about a rise in attacks on civilians, including those residing in sites for displaced people in the east of the country, which had resulted in over 1,000 deaths since February 2022. The situation was being further exacerbated by escalating armed conflict. Since 20 October 2022, 188,000 people had been newly displaced by fighting between the M23 rebel group and the Congolese Army, adding to the estimated 5.6 million internally displaced persons in the country. The advisory against forced returns to the affected provinces would remain in effect until conditions improved sufficiently to allow for safe and dignified returns.
The full briefing note can be found here.
In response to questions from journalists, Ms. Tan said that, in addition to the tense security situation, the provision of humanitarian assistance was complicated by the fact that most of the people were in makeshift shelters rather than in established, organized camps. UNHCR was not aware of any forced returns having taken place; the aim of the update was to remind States of their obligations in respect of refugees.
UNHCR at COP27
Andrew Harper, Special Advisor on Climate Action to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, said that one of UNHCR’s key goals had been to ensure representation at COP27 for traditionally unrepresented populations, namely refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless persons. While it had been successful on that score, those populations, who were typically poorly protected by their national governments and most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, still had to be taken into account in the negotiations. They had been removed in the draft outcome document in favour of the general, yet insufficient, category of migrants.
The discussions on loss and damage, while promising, would be meaningless without financing that was commensurate with the challenges and needs on the ground. Without funds being disbursed in a timely and pragmatic manner, the populations most at risk would be unable to deal with the rapidly accelerating impacts of the climate of emergency. That acceleration, in the form of, inter alia, a fifth failed rainy season in the Horn of Africa, mass displacement due to food insecurity and flooding, and the loss of millions of heads of cattle, was already occurring at 1.2°C above the pre-industrial average. The compound and overlapping nature of the climate crisis and its impact needed to be acknowledged in the outcome document.
To continue to block the legitimate request of developing States for financial support – many of which had also been generously hosting refugees for decades – would be logically unsound, strategically misguided and ethically indefensible.
Replying to journalists, Mr. Harper said that, while expectations had been low going into COP27, it was significant that the concept of loss and damage had been placed on the agenda and that UNHCR had been able to bring the voices and physical presence of certain populations to the Conference. He was heartened by the unity among the Group of 77 in refusing to allow the need for a climate facility or funding mechanism to be ignored. However, the countries most at risk from climate hazards, some of which, like Mozambique, were providing excellent protection to refugees despite severe challenges, had actually seen a reduction in funding and were being left to their own devices. The progression of climate change as the world rapidly exceeded the goal of 1.5°C warming would be chaotic, with no one – least of all developing countries already struggling to cope with the day-to-day – able to anticipate the consequences. Money should not be placed ahead of human rights and yet it was happening the world over.
Alessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service, drew attention to the statements made by the Secretary-General at COP27 in support of an ambitious and credible agreement on loss and damage and financial support to developing countries.
Reintegration of food and fertilizers into the global markets
Rebeca Grynspan, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said that she was very pleased at the recent extension of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. However, more remained to be done, particularly in terms of the fertilizer crunch caused by insufficient volume and high costs.
Replying to questions from journalists, Ms. Grynspan said that, while food and fertilizers were exempt from sanctions, the knock-on effects of the sanctions and their differing interpretations tended to cause bottlenecks in the trade and export of such products. Accordingly, it had been clarified that the services associated with the export of food and fertilizers from the Russian Federation, such as insurance, were also exempt from sanctions. A platform would be set up so that insurance companies would no longer have to conduct their due diligence on a case-by-case basis.
The European Union sanctions regime was more complex due to how the regulatory and executive functions were divided between the European Commission and the member States, giving rise to varied interpretations. There had nonetheless been progress on a few important questions, namely, whether the transport of food and fertilizer from the Russian Federation through the European territory towards third countries was authorized, whether the ban on transacting with the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping precluded Russian vessels from accessing European ports and what the legal status of the frequently asked questions forum was.
There were currently some 300,000 tons of Russian fertilizer stranded in European ports. A first shipment, which was categorized as a humanitarian donation from the Russian Federation, was scheduled to leave the Netherlands on 21 November for delivery to Malawi, via Mozambique. The World Food Programme was responsible for the land transport of the cargo. The next shipment would hopefully be sent to West Africa. France had been instrumental in enabling the fertilizer to be moved and was covering some of the costs.
Naturally, it would be helpful on several fronts if the Black Sea Grain Initiative was extended for longer periods of time rather than simply rolled over for 120 days at a time; however, such an extension would have to be negotiated in the framework of the Joint Coordination Centre. In that connection, she drew attention to the joint statement of the European Union, the United States and the United Kingdom of 14 November concerning global food security and the sanctions.
It was vital to scale up the Initiative, but only the private sector was in a position to do so. Accordingly, the United Nations was striving to create the necessary conditions by bringing together the private sector, including traders and shipping companies, and regulators to promote better understanding of the practical difficulties stemming from the sanctions.
Furthermore, no additional demands had been made of the United Nations beyond what had been included in the initial memorandum of understanding between the Organization and the Russian Federation, which had not been granted any concessions in order to remain a party to the Initiative. There was no need for a separate agreement on the ammonia pipeline, as the matter was covered under the Initiative. SG Grynspan was optimistic that both Ukraine and the Russian Federation were interested in negotiating a resumption of exports through the pipeline.
UNCTAD announcements
Catherine Huissoud, for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), announced that on Tuesday, 22 November, at 9.30 a.m., UNCTAD would hold a hybrid press conference to launch the UNCTAD report on Palestine to the UN General Assembly (under embargo until 6 p.m. on 22 November). Mr. Mutasim Elagraa, Economist, would be speaking.
UNCTAD would also be holding a hybrid press conference on Wednesday, 23 November, at 1.30 p.m., on the publication of the Review of Maritime Transport 2022 (under embargo until 7 a.m. on 29 November). Speakers would include Ms. Rebeca Grynspan, UNCTAD Secretary-General, and Ms. Shamika Sirimanne, Director, Division on Technology and Logistics.
Ebola outbreak in Uganda
In response to a question, Tarik Jašarević, for the World Health Organization (WHO), said that there had been 141 confirmed cases of Ebola in Uganda and 22 probable cases, including 55 confirmed and 22 probable deaths; 73 patients had recovered. Trials of three vaccines for the Sudan strain of the virus were set to begin shortly.
Announcements
Alessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service, said that the Committee against Torture would be concluding its review of the report of El Salvador that afternoon. The seventy-fifth session would close on Friday, 25 November.
She also said that the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was concluding its review of the report of Bahrain and would be reviewing the reports of Botswana (21–22 November), Georgia (23–24 November) and Jamaica (24–25 November).
Ms. Vellucci announced that on Monday, 21 November, at 11 a.m., the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) would hold a virtual press conference to launch the World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) 2022 report under embargo until noon on 21 November), which looked at the global trends in use of intellectual property tools and at how innovative and creative activity had stood up under the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic. Speakers would include Mr. Marco Aleman, Assistant Director General, IP and Innovation Ecosystems Sector, and Mr. Carsten Fink, Chief Economist.
She also announced that UN-Women, in cooperation with the United Nations Office at Geneva and the Permanent Mission of the European Union, would be holding a live tagging event (#OrangeTheWorld) on the Place des Nations to kickstart the 2022 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence campaign, whose programme of activities would be published shortly.
Ms. Vellucci drew attention to the Secretary-General’s statements on the occasion of World Toilet Day on 19 November, as well as World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims and Africa Industrialization Day on 20 November.
She recalled that the annual media accreditation process had begun; journalists were urged to apply before the end of the year.
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As world’s water reserves change, countries must prepare for a new reality: WMO
New data showing that rivers were at their lowest level for decades last year provides further evidence that the climate crisis is real and countries must act immediately to protect themselves from the increasing threat to communities and livelihoods, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Thursday.
The key findings from WMO’s State of Global Water Resources 2025 report covering the hydrological cycle and extreme events in the five-year period to last year:
- 2025 was one of driest years for river discharge in 35 years
- Past seven years have seen abnorfmal river flows
- Water storage on Earth’s land surface has decreased in past decade
- Widespread glacier loss across all regions for fourth consecutive year
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Highlighting the long-term decline in the Earth’s freshwater storage and glacier melt, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo explained that the planet’s water reserves used to act as a planetary “savings account” that absorbed the occasional dry season, avoiding a water crisis. “One of the central stories of the 2025 report is what is happening to that savings account? And the simple answer is that we are depleting it,” she told journalists in Geneva.
Groundwater reserves are equally stretched and have been in decline since 2014, WMO’s report states, with nearly two-thirds of monitored wells worldwide showing levels lower than the historical norm and indicating a shift “further toward deficit…not recovery”.
“At the same time, we are seeing more water-related disasters,” Ms. Saulo said, while also stressing that the currently strengthening El Niño “will increase the risk of drought in some areas, and flooding in others”.
Glaciers disappearing
In 2025, for the fourth consecutive year, every major glaciated region on Earth lost ice mass, leading to short-term hazards including floods and long-term water insecurity, according to WMO.
Responding to a question about whether the changing global water cycle might have contributed to the deadly Nepal-China flooding disaster, Ms. Saulo explained that melting ice and rock was just one factor in the chain of events that ultimately sent a massive and deadly wall of water and debris downstream on 26 August, killing at least 1,367 people.
“You asked if it could happen again? Absolutely; the problem in this region is that there’s 63,700 glaciers at the last count,” she told a Press Conference in Geneva. “Even if you’re looking with remote sensing with satellites at these glaciers, you might see some faults, you might see some slight shifting, that does not mean necessarily catastrophic collapse. So, in order to plan for this, it’s very, very difficult. But the international community is looking very hard at ways in which we can bring people together to solve some of these monitoring issues.”
Data indicates that glaciers shrank between 2023 and 2025 with cumulative losses of 1,400 gigatonnes of water – or about one third of annual fresh water needs.
Every major glacier region on Earth lost ice for the fourth consecutive year.
“All 19 glacier regions around the globe lost ice; in Central Asia, Iceland, the Russian Arctic and western Canada and the United States, it was among the three worst years on record,” said Wayne Jenkinson, WMO’s Director of Hydrology and Cryosphere.
Some regions with smaller glaciers such as Central Europe, the Caucasus, the western Canada and the United States may already have reached “peak water”, Mr. Jenkinson warned.
“After this point, the glacier gives less meltwater each year simply because there is less ice left to melt. That matters for every community downstream that relies on water during hot, dry summers,” he explained.
Narelle van der Wel, WMO’s Head of Cryosphere Monitoring, Predictions and Services, stressed that while some further glacier loss is unavoidable, the eventual scale of the decline is not predetermined.
“Some glacier loss is inevitable, but total loss of glaciers is not yet inevitable,” she said, pointing to emissions reductions as central to limiting future losses.
Preparing for moving baselines
The report does not attribute every observed change to climate change alone. WMO says pressure on water resources and natural variability also contribute.
Mr. Jenkinson said governments need to prepare for “moving baselines” as historical patterns become less reliable.
“The situation 30 years ago is not where we are today,” he said. Countries, he added, need to prepare “for those changes that have really already arrived”.
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